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How much do you know about mold?
Molds are microscopic fungi that need plant and
animal matter in order to grow. It is estimated that there are greater
than 100,000 different species of fungi that exist across the world.
The purpose of fungi is to break down organic material and recycle
them for future use by plants and animals. Because molds grow by
digesting the organic material, they gradually destroy whatever
they grow on. Mold growth on surfaces can often be seen in the form
of discoloration, frequently green, gray, brown or black, but also
white and other colors. The family of fungi includes mildews, yeasts,
fungus, large mushrooms and mold. These thinly spun, threaded organisms
produce spores that then allow them to spread themselves to different
locations. Molds typically reproduce through their spores that are
released into the air and land on moist, organic materials. The
spores then germinate and begin expanding out in elaborate networks.
What is 'toxic mold'?
If the mold spores are 'toxic' they can adversely
affect peoples' health. The effect on people will depend on the
type of mold involved, the metabolic byproduct of the mold, as well
as how much contact there is and the length of exposure, as well
as the susceptibility of the person exposed. This last factor is
important for children who can be affected more easily than adults.
There are no definitive studies proving that 'toxic mold' makes
people sick, nor is there a way to measure one's exposure to mold.
A growing number of medical experts and lawyers now believe that
exposure to one type of mold in particular; stachybotrys chartarum
can result in more serious health symptoms such as pulmonary bleeding,
memory loss and even brain damage. Other symptoms may include headaches,
fatigue and allergies.
Where are molds found?
Molds are found in virtually every ecological
niche and are found outside in nature and in homes and buildings.
They are most prevalent in areas that have moist or wet climates.
Molds are simple organisms that thrive in warm, damp, dark, poorly
ventilated environments. In a home these areas could be shower areas,
closets, behind refrigerators and even inside wall cavities. Such
conditions can be caused by un-repaired roof leaks, sprinkler spray
hitting the house, plumbing leaks, overflow from sinks or sewers,
a damp basement or crawl space. When damp conditions are present,
mold is able to grow on such diverse materials as wood, carpet,
insulation, cloth and all types of food. The spores of S. chartarum
are in the soil and are introduced along with floodwaters or the
dust and dirt entering with the water incursion. The fungus is most
commonly found in homes or buildings which have sustained flooding
or water damage from broken pipes, roof, wall, or floor leaks, condensation
etc. Wet conditions are required to initiate and maintain growth.
It is most common on the paper covering of gypsum wall board, but
can be found on wallpaper, cellulose based ceiling tiles, paper
products, carpets with natural fibers, paper covering on insulated
pipes, in insulation material, on wood and wood paneling and on
general organic debris. The paper covering of fiberglass insulation
is another area for growth. The fungus can be hidden in the ceiling,
walls or floors with no or little visible evidence within the interior
of the room. The spores, however, can contaminate the interior of
the room through holes and cracks in the building materials (aided
by negative pressure) or be transported via the air handling system.
Condensation due to poor design or faulty heating, ventilation and
air conditioning systems can promote growth of the fungus. The fungus
will usually produce large amounts of conidiophores and conidia
giving the substrate a black appearance that can be slightly shiny
when fresh and powdery when dry.
What about exposure to mold?
Everyone is exposed to some mold on a daily basis
without evident harm. It is common to find mold spores in the air
inside homes; most of the airborne spores found indoors come from
outdoor sources. People often come into contact with molds in moist
area in and around their homes or when mold spores become airborne.
These spores can come into contact with people through the skin
or when ingested. Mold spores can also be present from active mold
growth within home, office or school where people live or work.
What problems can mold cause?
Nearly all mycologists, or fungi experts, agree
that indoor mold exposure, if extensive, can cause those exposed
to the spores to become sensitized, resulting in the development
of allergies. Symptoms usually include wheezing, shortness of breath,
sinus congestion, eye irritation, a dry cough and skin rashes. The
elderly, asthmatic, infants and young children and people with weakened
immune systems are most at risk to reacting negatively to molds.
The ill effects of molds generally break down into four categories
that include allergies, infections, irritations and toxicities.
Allergies are the most common reaction to contact with molds and
these can run the spectrum from very mild and temporary reactions
to acute, chronic illness.
According to the Institute of Medicine
1 in 5 Americans suffer from allergic rhinitis
(nerves), the most common chronic disease in people; 1 in 9 Americans
suffer from allergy-related sinusitis (nasal) · 1 in 10 Americans
have allergy-related asthma (lung) · 1 in 11 Americans experience
allergic dermatitis (skin) · Less than 1 in 100 Americans
suffer from serious chronic allergic diseases. These statistics
indicate that allergic reactions are extremely common in people.
Often the specific cause is not known and in question. Recently,
the existence of mold in homes, offices and schools has emerged
as a real possibility as the cause of these allergic reactions.
Stachybotrys chartarum (also known as S. chartarum) is a fungus
that has become notorious as a mycotoxin producer that can cause
animal and human mycotoxicosis. Over the past 15 years in North
America, evidence has accumulated implicating this fungus as a serious
problem in homes and buildings and one of the causes of the 'sick
building syndrome'. In 1993-1994 there was an unusual outbreak of
pulmonary hemorrhage in infants in Cleveland, Ohio where researchers
found S. chartarum growing in the homes of the sick infants. This
incident increased the awareness of home/building molds and brought
this fungus to the immediate attention of the medical community.
Although there are many unanswered questions about the effects of
S. chartarum on human health, the accumulation of data (from observations
and research) over the past 65 years tells us that one should not
handle materials contaminated with S. chartarum (without proper
safety procedures) and strongly indicates that indoor environments
contaminated with S. chartarum are not healthy, especially for children
and may result in serious illness.
How can we tell if these molds are present?
Mold is mostly white or black in color. You may
suspect there is mold in the air if you see patches of cottony or
speckled growth on walls and furniture. You may smell an earthy
or musty odor. One may suspect mold contamination if individuals
experience some of the symptoms described above when in the structure.
Evidence of past or ongoing water damage should also trigger more
thorough inspection. Mold growth may be found underneath water-damaged
surfaces or behind walls, floors and ceilings.
How do we test for them?
Testing is not recommended as a first step to
determine if there is a mold problem. Reliable air sampling for
mold can be expensive and requires expertise and equipment that
is not widely available to the general public and there are few
available standards for judging what is an acceptable quantity of
mold. The simplest way to deal with a suspicion of mold contamination
is, if one can see or smell mold, you are likely to have a problem.
Mold growth is likely to recur unless the source of moisture that
is allowing the mold to grow is removed and the contaminated area
is cleaned.
What can Greenwash Wipes do to help with
mold?
Reduces the population of fungus (mold)
and toxic fungus (mold) spores by 99.99% or greater in less than
5 minutes on all non-porous surfaces, including linoleum and tile
floors, painted and varnishes surfaces and prevents it's regrowth.
Engineered for
an evolving planet
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